Westeros is the primary continent in the universe of the Game of Thrones. Westeros was divided into seven fully independent kingdoms ruled by noble houses under their own monarchs. These kingdoms would compete with each other politically, economically and militarily. Following the conquest of Aegon the 1st of House Targaryen, Westeros was unified under the Iron Throne, a centralized monarchy which coordinated war, taxation, law and diplomacy across the entire continent. Under this system regional houses would rule their territories as wardens while ultimately swearing fealty to the Iron Throne. 

In the year 1050, the Empire of Ishanad, is prosperous power known for its grand libraries, advanced engineering, and trade networks, it is at the center of a philosophical conflict. The State must decide the foundation of its legal code. There are two competing systems. 

Aql (Pure Human Reason) supporters believe that because Ishanad is a pillar of science, mathematics, and medicine, its laws should be derived entirely from logic and empirical evidence. 

Naql (Tradition and Revelation) supporters believe that the Empire must remain based on the sacred texts and historical precedent. 

In productivist welfare regimes, the primary goal of welfare is economic development, with an emphasis on structuring social investments and protections to increase productivity. Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan are some states that have been described as productivist.

In universalist welfare regimes, the primary goal of welfare is respecting individuals' social rights, whereby social services and benefits are generally provided to the entire population regardless of their income or status. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are some states that have been described as universalist.

For the purposes of this debate, birth control requirement refers to the conditionality attached to developmental aid that has been imposed by numerous international organizations including USAID, the World Bank, UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund), and IPPF (International Planned Parenthood Federation). These agencies required recipient countries to impose national policies on the proliferation of birth control, such as widespread promotion of contraception, sterilization campaigns, or restrictions on family size. Some countries where this happened include China, Bangladesh, and India.

In most educational systems, a student's final grade is determined by one of two competing methods of evaluation. Terminal assessment refers to a system where a single, standardized, and often anonymized examination at the end of a course dictates the majority or entirety of a student's grade. In contrast, continuous assessment is a model where the final grade is a holistic evaluation made by the teacher based on the student's daily classroom participation, consistency in assignments, and visible intellectual growth over time.

The Kurdish are an Indo-European ethnic group indigenous to the region known as Kurdistan, which spans parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. They are often described as the world’s largest ethnic group without a sovereign state.